@article{oai:dmu.repo.nii.ac.jp:00005238,
 author = {Talolena, Helen W.M and Rahman, Mahrus A. and Soemyarso, Ninik Asmaningsih},
 issue = {2},
 journal = {Dokkyo Medical Journal},
 month = {Jun},
 note = {Cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) causes chronic hypoxia in several organs, especially kidneys. The association between CCHD and nephropathy has been known although the mechanism is not yet completely understood. This study was aimed to investigate the association between CCHD and the incidence of nephropathy in children.
　This case-control study was conducted at the Pediatric Outpatient Installation of the Integrated Heart Service Center (IHSC) and Children’s Inpatient Room, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya from January to May 2021. The inclusion criteria included children with CCHD and normal children aged 1-18 years who visited IHSC and Pediatric Clinic. Informed consent was signed by the parents. Demographic data, proteinuria, and hematuria were analyzed to find the association with the incidence of CCHD in children.
　Eighty-five participants participated in the study, of which seven were excluded, leaving 78 eligible participants. Forty-four CCHD patients and 34 control patients had a difference in oxygen saturation (67.70 ± 11.21 to 94.94 ± 0.98%). Sixty-four percent of the participants were diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), while 29.5% were diagnosed with double outlet right ventricle (DORV). There was a significant association between CCHD with proteinuria and hematuria (p = 0.001, r = 0.481; p = 0.001, r = 0.375). Significant associations was also found in proteinuria and hematuria with CCHD with a diagnosis of DORV and TOF (p = 0.014, p = 0.002).
　As a conclusion, a significant association was found between CCHD with the incidence of proteinuria and hematuria. Nephropathy screening is needed in patients suffering from CCHD to detect renal damage.},
 pages = {85--91},
 title = {Association Analysis between Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease and Nephropathy in Children},
 volume = {1},
 year = {2022}
}